"The Clock Test: a sensitive measure to differentiate normal elderly from those with Alzheimer disease." J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 579-584. Tuokko, H., Hadjistavropoulos, T., et al. "Quantitative and qualitative performance of stroke versus normal elderly on six clock drawing systems." Arch Clin Neuropsychol 13(6): 495-502. "Cognitive screening in geriatric rehabilitation." Rehabilitation Psychology 48(1): 14-22. "Quantitative and qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease." Brain Cogn 18(1): 70-87. "A comparison of scoring protocols on the Clock Drawing Test in relation to ease of use, diagnostic group, and correlations with Mini-Mental State Examination." J Am Geriatr Soc 50: 169-173. "Screening for cognitive deficits after stroke: a comparison of three screening tools." Clin Rehabil 22(12): 1095-1104. The clock drawing test (CDT) has been used widely as bedside screening. "Development of scoring criteria for the clock drawing task in Alzheimer's disease." J Am Geriatr Soc 40: 1095-1099. Objectives: Delirium is common neuropsychiatric condition among elderly inpatients. Measuring health: a guide to rating scales and questionnaires, Oxford University Press, USA.
"The ten point clock test: a quick screen and grading method for cognitive impairment in medical and surgical patients." Int J Psychiatry Med 24: 229-244. "Brief screening tests for dementia." Can J Psychiatry 47: 723-733. "Clock drawing task, mini-mental state examination and cognitive-functional independence measure: relation to functional outcome of stroke patients." Arch Gerontol Geriatr 35(2): 153-160. ~For this scoring system, higher numbers mean worse performance.Īdunsky, A., Fleissig, Y., et al. Means and Standard Deviations for 6 Clock Scoring Systems If you would like to contribute a language translation to the RMD, please contact us at you see an error or have a suggestion for this instrument summary? Please e-mail us!Īcute Stroke: (Suhr et al, 1998 n = 176 (105 = stroke, 71 community based elderly) mean age of both sample > 70 years mean time since stroke = 26.13 (9.11) days) RIC is not responsible for and does not endorse the content, products or services of any third-party website, and does not make any representations regarding its quality, content or accuracy. These translations, and links to them, are subject to the Terms and Conditions of Use of the Rehab Measures Database. Motor dyscoordination (Ruchinskas & Curyto, 2003) The standard test used for dementia over the clock drawing test is something called the MMSE or Mini-Mental State Examination.Presence of Depression (Ruchinskas & Curyto, 2003 Lorentz et al, 2002 Lourenco et al, 2008).Patients with multi-infarct dementia are more likely to make errors in time-setting than in number-spacing and greater levels of cognitive impairment are reflected by scoring scales that place more weight on this feature (Richardson & Glass, 2002).
Although one test cannot be replaced for the other, the CDT is a simple test that can be used for fast initial screening of cognitive performance among the elderly.
Also the older adults’ performance on MMSE and CDT were significantly related to their level of education and gender, but not age.Ĭonclusion: The correlation between the MMSE and CDT test scores was high. The inability to do so is a strong indication of mental decline. It involves drawing a clock on a piece of paper with numbers, clock hands, and a specific time. Results: Results showed a significant correlation between CDT and MMSE total score. The clock-drawing test is a quick way to screen for early dementia, including Alzheimers disease. Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation were used for analyzing the data. Methods: A total of 70 older adults (mean(SD) age=69.70(6.41) y) were selected by convenience sampling method from two local health centers from the same civil servant area in Mashhad City, Iran. The present research aimed to examine the correspondence between MMSE and CDT scores. Objective: Mini-mental state examination, a nonspecific measure of global cognitive function, and the clock drawing test, a very concise and specific measure of cognitive function, are among the most widely used screening tests for cognitive dysfunction.
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